IN THIS STUDY, A SERIES OF POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS (PUES) DERIVED FROM THREE THIACALIX [4] ARENE DERIVATIVES (TC4AS), INCLUDING P-TERT-BUTYL THIACALIX [4] ARENE (P-BTC4A), TETRASODIUM THIACALIX [4] ARENE TETRASULFONATE (TSTC4AS), AND THIACALIX [4] ARENE TETRASULFONIC ACID (TC4AS) AS A PORTION OF CHAIN EXTENDER IN MIXTURE WITH GLYCEROL WERE SYNTHESIZED. THE EFFECTS OF THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF TC4AS ON THE STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PUES WERE INVESTIGATED AND COMPARED WITH POLYURETHANE ELASTOMER EXTENDED WITH ONLY GLYCEROL AS CHAIN EXTENDER. DSC, FTIR SPECTROSCOPY, AND XRD REVEALED THAT THE PHASE SEPARATION DEGREE AND CRYSTALLINITY IN TC4AS-BASED PUES WAS MUCH HIGHER COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE GLYCEROL ONES. THE TGA RESULTS ALSO SHOWED THAT WITH INCORPORATION OF TC4AS IN THE POLYURETHANE BACKBONE, THE THERMAL STABILITY OF PUES WAS IMPROVED.

THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS ALKYLATION IS AN INTERESTING REACTION FOR C-C BOND FORMATION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. ARENE DERIVATIVES SUCH AS PHENOLS, NAPHTHOLS AND HETEROARENES SUCH AS INDOLE, AND PYRROLE DERIVATIVES HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY USED AS NUCLEOPHILES IN FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION IN ORDER TO OBTAIN ARENE’S DERIVATIVES. …

THE SYNTHESIS OF NEW MATERIALS GENERALLY INVOLVES RISK, HIGH COSTS AND CONSIDERABLE TIME. HENCE, MODIFICATION OF THE EXISTING MEMBRANE MATERIALS IS ANOTHER VIABLE APPROACH, CAPABLE OF CREATING NEW PROSPECTS AIMED AT OVERCOMING THE PRESENT LIMITATIONS FOR BETTER SEPARATION PERFORMANCE. TWO WAY OF MODIFICATION OF POLYMERIC MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS SEPARATION ARE POLYMER BLENDING AND HYBRID MEMBRANE [1]. COMBINING THESE TWO METHODS IN MODIFICATION OF POLYMERIC MEMBRANES MAY INCREASE THE NATURAL GAS SEPARATION EFFICIENCY [2, 3]. IN THIS WORK, THE PREPARATION OF MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE BASED ON POLYETHERSULFONE (PES) /MATRIMID AS A CONTINUES PHASE AND THE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONALIZED CALIX [4] ARENE AS A DISPERSED PHASE BY CASTING SOLUTION PROCESS IS REPORTED. THE MIXING COMPATIBILITY AND THERMAL STABILITY OF THE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE WERE STUDIED BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (FTIR) AND THERMAL GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS (TGA) RESPECTIVELY. THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEMBRANES WAS STUDIED BY A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM). THE GAS SEPARATION PERFORMANCE OF THE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES WITH CALIX [4] ARENE WERE RELATIVELY HIGHER COMPARED TO THAT OF THE NEAT PI/PES MEMBRANE.

OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS AND ALKYL ARENES IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IN INDUSTRY AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SINCE PRODUCTS SUCH AS KETONES AND ALDEHYDES ARE WIDELY USED FOR PRODUCTION OF VARIOUS HIGH DEMAND COMMODITY CHEMICALS [1]. FROM GREEN CHEMISTRY POINT OF VIEW, IMPROVING METHODS WHICH USE CLEANER OXIDANTS AND REDUCE THE AMOUNT AND TOXICITY OF THE RELEASED WASTE ARE IMPORTANT [2]. ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF GREEN CHEMISTRY IS THE AEROBIC OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS AND ARENES INTO THE CORRESPONDING CARBONYL DERIVATIVES. USING LOW COST AND NONTOXIC BASE METAL SUCH AS COBALT AS A CATALYST IS WORTHWHILE. COBALT DUE TO STRONG CAPABILITY FOR DIOXYGEN ACTIVATION IS ATTRACTIVE IN AEROBIC OXIDATION. COBALT-BASED CATALYST SYSTEMS ARE WIDELY USED FOR OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS. IMMOBILIZATION OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST ON THE SOLID SUPPORTS SIMPLIFIES THE REACTION PROCEDURE AND INCREASE THE STABILITY AND RECYCLABILITY OF THE CATALYST. NATURAL ORGANIC POLYMERS SUCH AS CELLULOSE AND CHITOSAN ARE INTERESTING MATERIALS AS SUITABLE SUPPORTS FOR CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS DUE TO LOW COST AND HIGH SURFACE AREA. THESE POLYMERS HAVE INTERESTING PROPERTIES SUCH AS BIODEGRADABILITY, BIOCOMPATIBILITY, AND NON- TOXICITY [3]. HEREIN WE REPORT THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZE A NEW MAGNETIC COBALT-BASED HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST SUPPORTED ON CHITOSAN AS A NATURAL AND BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER WHICH IT IS A HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FOR THE SELECTIVE AEROBIC OXIDATION OF VARIETY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AROMATIC ALCOHOLS AND ALKYL ARENES IN P-XYLENE AT 120OC. THE CATALYST CAN BE EASILY SEPARATED BY MAGNET DEVICES AND REUSED UP TO FOUR TIMES WITHOUT LOSS OF ACTIVITY.

OXIDATION IS THE SECOND LARGEST INDUSTRIAL PROCESS THAT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY [1]. THE SYNTHESIS OF THE VALUABLE OXYGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS (KETONES, ALDEHYDES, ESTERS, AND ACIDS) FROM HYDROCARBONS IN THE AEROBIC OXIDATION CONDITIONS IS AN IMPORTANT CHALLENGE FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND A LARGE NUMBER OF HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED FOR AEROBIC OXIDATION PROCESSES...

THE SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS A PIVOTAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS IS ONE OF THE MOST CHALLENGING REACTIONS BOTH ON LABORATORY AND INDUSTRY SCALE [1, 2].IN RECENT YEARS, THE DESIGNS OF CATALYSTS FOCUS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CATALYTIC MATERIALS FOR OXIDATION REACTION BASED ON BIOMIMETIC AND GREEN PRINCIPLES. DUE TO THIS FACT, METAL PORPHYRINS AND METAL PHTHALOCYANINESON GRAPHENEAS SUSTAINABLE CATALYSTS HAVE BEEN WIDELY EMPLOYED IN SEVERAL OXIDATION REACTIONS [3].THE APPROACH OF THIS RESEARCH IS INTRODUCING COPPER (II) TETRASULFOPHTHALOCYANINE AS AN EFFICIENT CATALYST WITH EASY PREPARATION, REUSABILITY, HIGH CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND LOW COST FOR THE AEROBIC OXIDATION OF ALKYL ARENE AND ALCOHOLS. THESE ADVANTAGES MAKE IT PROMISING CANDIDATE TO BE EMPLOYED AS CATALYST FOR DEVELOPING HIGHLY EFFICIENT OXIDATION REACTION. THE CATALYST WAS EASILY RECOVERED AND REUSED SEVERAL TIMES WITHOUT LOSS OF ACTIVITY. FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE APPLICATION OF THIS CATALYST FOR OTHER OXIDATION PROCESSES AND ALSO OTHER ORGANIC TRANSFORMATIONS ARE CURRENTLY IN PROGRESS.